Influence of Rayleigh effect combined with Marangoni effect on the onset of convection in a liquid layer overlying a porous layer

The coupling mechanism of Rayleigh effect and Marangoni effect in a liquid–porous system is investigated using a linear stability analysis. The eigenvalue problem is solved by means of a Chebyshev tau method. Results indicate that there are three coupling modes between the Rayleigh effect and the Marangoni effect for different depth ratios.