Petroleum generation modeling of the Late Cretaceous coals from the Jiza-Qamar Basin as infer by kerogen pyrolysis and bulk kinetics

Bulk kinetic analysis on Late Cretaceous coal samples reveal a relatively broad distribution of activation energies (42-69 kcal/mol). Using a generic heating rate of 3.3 °C/My, the onset temperature for oil generation (TR 10%) is ∼139 °C and the peak generation temperature (geologic Tmax) range from 150 to 167 °C. A 1D model predicts that the Mukalla coals in the Jiza-Qamar Basin began oil generation at ∼40 My and reached peak generation ∼20-15 My ago. Therefore, the Mukalla coals could have be generated mature oils in the Jiza-Qamar Basin.