Numerical study of combustion and emission characteristics of dual-fuel engines using 3D-CFD models coupled with chemical kinetics

► Zheng and Yao's mechanism can capture spray combustion of fuel rich regions. ► Cylinder peak pressure is delayed by shifting diesel to dual-fuel combustion mode. ► IMEP and ITE are increased by applying higher amount of pilot fuel. ► Higher NOx and CO levels are resulted by increasing pilot fuel quantity.