Combustion characteristics of swirl coaxial injectors at kerosene-rich conditions

► We studied kerosene-rich, oxygen combustion at chamber pressures up to 6.9 MPa. ► We applied three different bi-liquid swirl coaxial injectors. ► The flow discharge coefficients under combustion are less than the cold flow ones. ► The low-frequency waves around 150 Hz are excited at oxygen subcritical conditions. ► The inherent flow pulsation from the injectors triggers the low-frequency waves.