An analysis of spray development with iso-octane, n-pentane, gasoline, ethanol and n-butanol from a multi-hole injector under hot fuel conditions

► Ethanol and butanol sprays behave very differently. ► Ethanol's behaviour more akin to gasoline's, butanol's closer to iso-octane's. ► Spray penetration and cone angle lower at higher temperatures. ► The Ohnesorge number represents well the similarity in sprays at high temperatures. ► Rapid reduction in droplet sizes at conditions of spray collapse.