Characterization of spray and combustion processes of biodiesel fuel injected by diesel engine common rail system

► Effect of injection parameters on biodiesel (BDF) spray and flame were investigated. ► Also the effect of fuel properties on BDF spray and flame were examined. ► Due to higher boiling point BDF spray produced longer liquid phase length. ► Higher cetane number and injection pressure influenced BDF flame ignition delay. ► Higher oxygen content in BDF played a greater role in soot formation.