Diesel exhaust emissions and particle hygroscopicity with HVO fuel-oxygenate blend

► Oxygenate (di-n-pentyl ether) was added to hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) fuel. ► The effect of oxygenated fuel on exhaust particle and NOx emissions was studied. ► With 2 wt.% oxygen content in the blend, 25-30% PM reductions were obtained. ► The NOx emissions was slightly (under 5%) increased or decreased depending on load. ► HTDMA measurements revealed a small increase in the hygroscopicity of particles.