Direct numerical simulation of the entrainment coefficient and turbulence properties for compressible spatially evolving axisymmetric jets

►The inflow buffer region can affect the jet development in the near-field region. ►The inflow buffer region takes mild effect in the transitional and far-field region. ► Main turbulence production takes place in the high-shear regions. ►Inadequate resolution of kinetic energy will lead to inaccurate results.