Direct experimental evidence and low reduction potentials for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on fluorine doped tin oxide semiconductor

Cyclic voltammograms of FTO electrode in 0. 1 M NaHCO3 with CO2, (A) starting scan potential from −0.80 V, curves: (1) first cycle, (2) fifth cycle, (3) tenth cycle, (4) fifteenth cycle, (5) nineteenth cycle, and (6) twentieth cycle, (B) starting scan potential from 0.60 V, (1) first cycle, (2) fifth cycle, at a scan rate of 60 mV s−1.203