A dynamic nucleate-boiling model for CO2 reduction in internal combustion engines

The model has been validated by means of experimental tests under several operating conditions, involving variations in coolant flow rate, engine speed and fuel flow rate. The comparison with experimental data shows a very good agreement. Maximum and average deviation in engine-out coolant temperature are 0.61% and 0.44% respectively under steady-state conditions. The coolant flow rate, which determines the on-set of nuclear boiling computed by the proposed model, is well within the uncertainty range of the experimental evidence.