Internal surfaces including phase change materials for passive optimal shift of solar heat gain

The thermal inertia of building internal components may be used to shift the irradiation (solar) heat load, which could result in substantial energy saving. In this paper, a numerical model was implemented to determine the thermal performance of internal surfaces including Phase Change Materials (PCM). The model was exploited to compare a typical concrete floor with a floor with PCM. Thermal performance was defined by three different objective functions, each pinpointing different thermal characteristics of the heat load. First, parametric studies were performed to understand the influence of the thickness of a typical concrete floor. Then, the optimization of the melting temperature, thickness and position of a PCM layer included in a floor was performed. These analyses used either simplified or real weather conditions (for Québec City). Results showed that the thickness of the concrete floor could be optimized based on the three criteria retained. Also, the floor performance may be enhanced by the inclusion of a PCM layer. It was shown that the gain of performance brought by the internal surfaces thermal mass strongly depends on the weather conditions considered. This paper provides a fundamental understanding of PCM influence on internal surfaces.