Effect of Hall current on the MHD laminar natural convection flow from a vertical permeable flat plate with uniform surface temperature

The effect of Hall current on the steady, laminar, natural convection boundary layer flow of MHD viscous and incompressible fluid from a semi-infinite heated permeable vertical flat plate with an applied magnetic field transverse to it has been investigated, assuming that the induced magnetic field is negligible compared to the imposed magnetic field. With appropriate transformations the boundary layer equations are reduced to local nonsimilarity equations and the solutions are obtained employing four distinct methods, namely, (i) regular perturbation method for small transpiration parameter; (ii) asymptotic solutions for large transpiration rate; (iii) implicit finite difference method together with Keller-box scheme and the (iv) local nonsimilarity method for any transpiration rate. Effects of the magnetic field, M, and the Hall parameter, m, on the local skin friction and local rate of heat transfer groups are shown graphically for smaller values of the Prandtl number, Pr(=0.1,0.01), that represent liquid metals.