Effects of a transverse, horizontal magnetic field on natural convection of a paramagnetic fluid in a cube

The present work is concerned with magnetic convection of a paramagnetic fluid in a cubic enclosure heated and cooled from the sidewalls. The influence of a 10-T transverse magnetic field on the convection mode of a paramagnetic fluid and the heat transfer rate was investigated numerically and experimentally, and compared with gravitational natural convection. The present study clearly shows that natural convection can be enhanced and the direction of the convective flow can be changed when using a strong magnetic field in terrestrial conditions.