Double diffusion natural convection in open lid enclosure filled with binary fluids

Double diffusion natural convection in an enclosure filled with a liquid and subjected to differential heating and differential species concentration is investigated. Four models were developed to address the hydraulic effect of the upper lid on the rate of heat and mass transfer and on the flow structures. It is found that free surface yields higher rate of heat and mass transfer. Also, there is noticeable difference between the results of two- and three-dimensional results. Hence, the effect of upper lid condition cannot be underestimated. The effect of boundary condition on the rate of heat transfer is more profound for natural convection without double diffusion effects.