Galanthamine plus estradiol treatment enhances cognitive performance in aged ovariectomized rats

► Hypothesize benefits of estradiol on cognition are lost in older women due to reduced basal forebrain cholinergic function. ► Galanthamine + estradiol improved learning and delay-dependent memory performance in aged ovariectomized rats. ► Suggests that combining cholinesterase inhibitor with estrogen therapy can benefit cognition.