Study on the factors affecting simultaneous removal of ammonia and manganese by pilot-scale biological aerated filter (BAF) for drinking water pre-treatment

- Simultaneous removal of NH4+-N and Mn2+ was achieved under various conditions.
- A conceptual model was presented for the varying mass transfer and performance.
- AOB, MOB and SAMRB co-existed in the bio-films.
- Bacteria distributed not evenly along the vertical direction.