Examining the factor structure and validity of the English Precursors to Boredom Scales

The primary goal of this study was to investigate the factor structure and validity of the English Precursors to Boredom Scales (E-PBS) in a sample of Canadian college students. Findings showed that the factor structure and item loadings of the E-PBS were comparable with those published on German samples. In addition, the present study examined criterion-related evidence between the E-PBS and students' self-efficacy for self-regulated learning (SESRL) and achievement. Our results showed negative associations between SESRL and four antecedents to boredom (i.e., being bored due to over-challenged, lack of meaning, opportunity costs, and general boredom tendency), whereas only one significant correlation-between being under-challenged and students' achievement-emerged.