Kinetic and equilibrium modeling of chromium (VI) biosorption on fresh and spent Spirulina platensis/Chlorella vulgaris biomass

Biosorption of chromium (VI) was studied using both fresh and spent algal biomass of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris. Both showed comparable behavior suggesting that biosorption is primarily a surface phenomenon. Biosorption rate was very fast during the first five minutes, in which almost 50% of the chromium (VI) was adsorbed. Two step kinetic model was proposed for biosorption. Equilibrium data obeyed Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Fresh algal biomass of S. platensis gave maximum of 73.6% biosorption of chromium (VI) in 100 ppm solution at 1 g l−1 cell loading. For improved economics, β-carotene was extracted from S. platensis and the spent biomass was used for chromium (VI) biosorption. The maximum biosorption by spent biomass was increased to 86.2%. Thus, this two step process not only showed improved efficiency in biosorption (∼17% increase) but also gave valuable byproduct, namely β-carotene.