The ecotoxicity and tribological properties of choline amino acid ionic liquid lubricants

Comparing with traditional IL 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (L-B104), choline amino acid ILs ([Ch][AA] ILs) not only have good tribological properties, but also have a remarkable low toxicity against three kinds of aquatic organisms. The friction coefficient (a) evolves over time and wear volume losses (b) of sliding copper disks for samples.249