Synthesis and catalytic activity of hydration-dehydration treated clamshell derived CaO for biodiesel production

- Hydration-dehydration treated clamshell-derived CaO for transesterification reaction.
- Formation of Ca(OH)2 phase generated Bronsted base sites for higher basicity.
- Catalytic activity increased: CS-CaO12h > CS-CaO9h > CS-CaO6h > CS-CaO3h > CS-CaO1h.
- 98% of conversion was achieved using CS-CaO12h under 2 h and reflux condition.
- Synthesized biodiesel comply with Petroleum ULSD, ASTM D6751 and EN14214.