SPAEK-based binary blends and ternary composites as proton exchange membranes for DMFCs

▸ Binary blend and ternary composite PEMs were constructed. ▸ A polyazomethine was incorporated as a molecular-enhancement component. ▸ Acid-functionalized polysilsesquioxane was incorporated through a sol-gel process. ▸ Ternary composite membrane exhibited enhanced conductivity and selectivity.