Hydrothermal liquefaction of Litsea cubeba seed to produce bio-oils

- Temperature was the most influential factor affecting the products yield.
- The highest bio-oil yield of 56.9 wt.% was achieved.
- Na2CO3 favored the conversion of the feedstock but suppressed the oil formation.
- The N content of the bio-oil was far below the bio-oil from the HTL of microalgae.
- The HHV of the bio-oil was estimated at 40.8 MJ/kg.