Immobilizing Cr3+ with SO3H-functionalized solid polymeric ionic liquids as efficient and reusable catalysts for selective transformation of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Bi-functional solid polymeric ionic liquids with medium strong Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites acting as recyclable catalysts show improved performance for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from carbohydrates biomass including fructose, glucose and cellulose, as compared with conventional solid acids.