Low strength ultrasonication positively affects the methanogenic granules toward higher AD performance. Part I: Physico-chemical characteristics

- 43% Higher CH4 production was achieved from UASBr under low strength ultrasound.
- It was explained by the changes of physico-chemical properties of anaerobic granule.
- Ultrasonication resulted in numerous craters and cracks on the granular surface.
- As results, specific surface area was increased by 2.3 times than the control.
- In addition, permeability was enhanced by 37% compared to the control granules.