Utilization of acetic acid-rich pyrolytic bio-oil by microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Reducing bio-oil toxicity and enhancing algal toxicity tolerance

► Fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass produces acetic acid-rich bio-oil. ► The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can use acetic acid to produce liquid. ► A variety of compounds in bio-oil are inhibitory to the algal growth. ► Activated carbon reduced the toxicity of the acetic acid-rich bio-oil fraction. ► Metabolic evolution increased the tolerance of algae to the bio-oil toxicity.