The influence of recycling non-condensable gases in the fractional catalytic pyrolysis of biomass

► Recycling of the non-condensable gases influenced the catalytic pyrolysis process. ► CO2 and CO reduced char/coke formation and increased the organic liquid yield. ► Deoxygenation reactions were enhanced in the presence of the non-condensable gases. ► Catalytic pyrolysis with gas recycle increased the quality of the bio-oil.