Adaptation of transmitting signals over joint aged optical fiber and free space optical network under harsh environments

Over the last two decades, a large amount of optical fiber (OF) cables has been deployed as part of the global communication networks. Both the aging of OFs as well as the need to increase transmission data rates, particularly in the backbone, have become hot topics. We present the study of the aged OF deployment in various optical networks including free space optics (FSO) link as a part of modern optical communication networks. Here, we show extended results obtained using a dedicated OF testbed focusing on the long-term monitoring of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) because of its time-varying nature. The adaptation of polarization multiplexed radio over fiber (RoF) and radio over FSO (RoFSO) systems as well as 10 Gbps on-off-keying (OOK) non-return-to-zero (NRZ) intensity modulation with the direct detection system, which is common cost-effective transmission system in passive networks, are demonstrated. Moreover, simulation of 100 and 200 Gbps return-to-zero (RZ) differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) with direct detection is outlined to verify the impact of aged OF network connected with FSO under turbulence conditions. Results reveal more than 6 dB of power penalty with the aged OF route for 100 Gbps systems. In addition, there is a 0.8 dB power penalty due to the strong seasonal induced PMD fluctuations. The influence of scintillations in terms of Rytov variance for the FSO link is also investigated for weak to moderate turbulence. Finally, we derive an expression for the long-term mean PMD value determined over one-month measured frequency response.