Cost-effective smartphone-based reconfigurable electrochemical instrument for alcohol determination in whole blood samples

The µPotentiostat features a sensitivity of 36 nA/g L−1 to ethanol concentration in blood in the 0-1.25 g;L−1 range, with a limit of quantification (LoQ) of 4.5 nA, which is a suitable response for discerning the legal, illegal, severely illegal thresholds in a 40 µL sample of blood.