3D graphene nano-grid as a homogeneous protein distributor for ultrasensitive biosensors

In order to realize the protein uniform immobilization, a 3D nano-gird architecture of thiol grafted graphene film was fabricated to serve as a novel linker between protein and substrate. Relied on the online monitor by QCM, graphene deposition process can be exactly controlled to construct the perfect and continuous cavities with the consistent size of 500 nm. The synergetic characterization of FESEM and Nano-indentation characterizations have revealed the strong stability of grid structure to provide a firm foundation for further protein adsorption. Instead of common partial aggregation behavior, proteins can be spontaneously distributed into cavities by the interaction from thiol group. According to the verifications of various proteins, the efficiency of this distributor will not be constricted by the category and amount of protein, which exhibit its versatility of homogeneous distribution. Glucose and lactate oxidase loaded graphene distributors were directly served as biosensors to verify the superiority of distribution. Their sensitivities can be remarkably improved three times since the adoption of this nano-grid structured graphene distributor.