کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
7272778 1473378 2016 25 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Infants' representations of same and different in match- and non-match-to-sample
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
بازنمودهای نوزادان مشابه و متفاوت در بازی و عدم مطابقت با نمونه
کلمات کلیدی
یکسان، ناهمسان، مطابقت با نمونه، عدم مطابقت با نمونه، نوزادان،
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علم عصب شناسی علوم اعصاب شناختی
چکیده انگلیسی
Three experiments investigated the representations that underlie 14-month-old infants' and adults' success at match-to-sample (MTS) and non-match-to-sample (NMTS) tasks. In Experiment 1, 14-month-old infants were able to learn rules based on abstract representations of sameness and/or difference. When presented with one of eighteen sample stimuli (A) and a choice between a stimulus that was the same as the sample (A) and a different stimulus (B), infants learned to choose A in MTS and B in NMTS. In Experiments 2 and 3, we began to explore the nature of the representations at play in these paradigms. Experiment 2 confirmed that abstract representations were at play, as infants generalized the MTS and NMTS rules to stimuli unseen during familiarization. Experiment 2 also showed that infants tested in MTS learned to seek the stimulus that was the same as the sample, whereas infants tested in NMTS did not learn to seek the different stimulus, but instead learned to avoid the stimulus that was the same as the sample. Infants appeared to only use an abstract representation of the relation same in these experiments. Experiment 3 showed that adult participants, despite knowing the words “same” and “different”, also relied on representations of sameness in both MTS and NMTS in a paradigm modeled on that of Experiment 2. We conclude with a discussion of how young infants may possibly represent the abstract relation same.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Cognitive Psychology - Volume 86, May 2016, Pages 87-111
نویسندگان
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