Alteraciones del procesamiento preléxico en pacientes hispanohablantes con afasias sensoriales: evidencias neurolingüísticas

The empirical verification of prelexical processing models is necessary for the neurolinguistic practices in any context for optimizing the explanations of neurocognitive model in aphasic patients with disorder in prelexical processing. For this reason, the present investigation shows the characterization of acoustic-phonemic conversion process in aphasic hispanophone patients. The study was executed with the purpose to accumulate and to obtain empirical evidences in this linguistic population, for the practical verification of the most accepted prelexical processing model. A descriptive-transversal study was conducted with the participation of 72 patients with sensitive aphasia, localized in the Phoniatry Services of Santiago de Cuba City, with ages between 20 and 65 years, and not more of 60 to 180 days of brain injury recovery period. The participants performed the Test de discriminación fonológica, that is a contextual adaptation of the task «Prueba de discriminación» of the Test DIFO of Benedet and Cortés-del-Solar. Results revealed that disorders in distinctive characteristics of speech sounds processing are different of phoneme perceptual integration disorders. In the first, affectation in the execution of tasks that implies the processing of some distinctive characteristics of consonant speech sounds was recorded, whereas the processing of other distinctive characteristics of vowel speech sounds are preserved. In the second affectation in the processing of all distinctive characteristics of speech sounds was observed.