Effectiveness of backward walking training on spatial-temporal gait characteristics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BWT could improve participants' STGC and be potentially useful in neurological rehabilitation. However, current evidence remains preliminary. The effects found could merely be due to differences in training intensity between the FWT and BWT, and thus, may not reflect actual differences between training in different walking directions. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the pathways linking BWT to gait biomechanics.