Theory-informed design of values clarification methods: A cognitive psychological perspective on patient health-related decision making

► Patient decision aids often include a method to help patients clarify how important they judge healthcare options or their attributes. ► Psychological theories on decision making identify the processes that assist value-consistent decision making. ► Based on theories we propose, for example, encouraging consideration of all appropriate options and facilitating the weighing of their attributes. ► Our recommendations advance transparent and coherent VCM design and evaluation.