کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
7400180 | 1481271 | 2015 | 13 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
A cost-benefit analysis of alternatively fueled buses with special considerations for V2G technology
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کلمات کلیدی
CBAPJMV2GNPBBEVNPCEBUSCNGDGEElectric bus - اتوبوس الکتریکیTemperature effects - اثرات دماCost-benefit analysis - تحلیل هزینه-فایده Vehicle-to-grid - خودرو به شبکهVehicle-to-grid (V2G) - خودرو به شبکه (V2G)Electric Vehicle - خودروالکتریکی Frequency regulation - مقررات فرکانسmegawatt - مگاواتNet present cost - هزینه خالص فعلیBattery electric vehicle - وسیله نقلیه الکتریکی باتریkilowatt - کیلوواتkilowatt hour - کیلووات ساعتkWh - کیلووات ساعتcompressed natural gas - گاز طبیعی فشردهCompressed natural gas (CNG) - گاز طبیعی فشرده (CNG)
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه
مهندسی انرژی
مهندسی انرژی و فناوری های برق
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
چکیده انگلیسی
Motivated by climate, health and economic considerations, alternatively-fueled bus fleets have emerged worldwide. Two popular alternatives are compressed natural gas (CNG) and electric vehicles. The latter provides the opportunity to generate revenue through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services if properly equipped. This analysis conducts a robust accounting of the costs of diesel, CNG and battery-electric powertrains for school buses. Both marginal and fleet-wide scenarios are explored. Results indicate that the marginal addition of neither a small CNG nor a small V2G-enabled electric bus is cost effective at current prices. Contrary to previous findings, a small V2G-enabled electric bus increases net present costs by $7,200/seat relative to diesel for a Philadelphia, PA school district. A small CNG bus increases costs by $1,200/seat relative to diesel. This analysis is the first to quantify and include the economic implications of cold temperature extremes on electric vehicle battery operations, and the lower V2G revenues that result. Additional costs and limitations imposed by electric vehicles performing V2G are frequently overlooked in the literature and are explored here. If a variety of technical, legal, and economic challenges are overcome, a future eBus may be economical.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Energy Policy - Volume 87, December 2015, Pages 591-603
Journal: Energy Policy - Volume 87, December 2015, Pages 591-603
نویسندگان
Yosef Shirazi, Edward Carr, Lauren Knapp,