Formation of carcinogenic 4(5)-methylimidazole in caramel model systems: A role of sulphite

► Aqueous caramel model systems consisted the d-glucose/NH3/sulphite were determined. ► Sulphite plays an important role in the formation of carcinogenic 4-MI in caramel colour. ► Sulphite contributed slightly to the level of flavour chemicals. ► Sulphite addition reduces 4-MI formation in caramel colour without sacrificing flavour and colour formation.