A rapid and accurate UPLC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of zolpidem and its main metabolites in biological fluids and its application in a forensic context

► Drug-facilitated crime (DFC) is a significant problem in China; the majority of these cases are robberies. ► Recently, UPLC-MS/MS has been shown to be one of the most promising developments in the area of fast chromatographic separations. ► This method allowed for the rapid and accurate determination of zolpidem and its metabolites in human blood and urine and may be applied to forensic toxicological analyses involving zolpidem.