Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice Suppress metastasis and Induce Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells by suppressing NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathways

Phellinus linteus is a mushroom with a variety of biological functions, such as antitumor and immunomodulating activities. P. linteus grown on germinated brown rice (PBR) feeding significantly decreased colon cancer metastasis to the lung and overall tumor size. In biomarker analysis, PBR showed significant anti-metastatic, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities. Detailed mechanistic studies highlighted that PBR strongly modulated MMP-2 and -9 activities and apoptotic biomarkers as well as decreased NF-κB, β-catenin, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression. Together, these findings suggest that PBR is effective in preventing CRC by suppressing metastasis and proliferation and inducing apoptosis.