Proteome analysis of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reproductive testes

► Functional characterization of > 1000 proteins in fish testis using an LTQ orbitrap ► Abundant functional classes of proteins included translation/chromatin remodeling. ► RNA-dependent helicase family (role in DNA unwinding) was detected in mature testis. ► Functions of the proteins reflect well the role of the testis in spermatogenesis. ► Localized proteins were comparable to mammals, suggesting evolutionary conservation.