Synergy in cancer treatment between liposomal chemotherapeutics and thermal ablation

► Combining image-guided thermal ablation with nanoparticle-based chemotherapy increases tumor destruction and intratumoral drug accumulation. ► Strategies to further improve treatment efficacy include optimization of the nanoparticle delivery vehicle and ablation parameters. ► Using additional agents to target specific hyperthermia-related cellular stress pathways are likely to provide additional benefit. ► Incorporation of ablation techniques as adjuvants to improve effects of primary nanoparticle based chemotherapies will also likely prove to be clinically relevant.