Catalytic effects of inherent alkali and alkaline earth metallic species on steam gasification of biomass

The dual catalytic effects of inherent AAEMs on steam gasification of biomass can be illustrated by the figure. Part of AAEMs volatilized into gaseous phase, involving in homogeneous reforming reactions such as volatile-volatile and volatile-gasification agent reactions, and the other part of AAEMs remained in bio-char, involving in heterogeneous reactions such as char-gasification agent and char-volatile reactions, which would alter reaction pathway of biomass gasification.165