Experimental and numerical investigation of localized fire test for high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks

► Effects of hydrogen and air as filling media on test results were studied. ► Rising temperature of hydrogen or air contributed little to TPRD activation. ► A 3D CFD model of the whole process of localized fire test was developed. ► TPRD activation time was slightly affected by filling pressure. ► TPRD activation time increased as localized fire exposure time was extended.