Characterization of electrochemical reaction and thermo-fluid flow in metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks with various manifold designs

► We studied the manifold designs for metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks. ► The parallel manifold design displayed an average current density of 2820.1 A/m2. ► The serpentine manifold design yielded 3110.5 A/m2 with the highest pressure drop. ► The expanding design and the tapering design were also compared.