Enhanced efficiency of bifacial and back-illuminated Ti foil based flexible dye-sensitized solar cells by decoration of mesoporous SiO2 layer on TiO2 anode

► Coating SiO2 mesoporous layer on TiO2 electrode improves the incident light into dye-sensitized solar cells. ► Coating SiO2 layer on TiO2 porous electrode shows an increase of JSC by approximately 17.6%. ► Ti foil based flexible sub-module DSC (5 cm × 10 cm) shows high conversion efficiencies of 5.54% under 1 sun irradiation.