Where do poly(vinyl alcohol) based membranes stand in relation to Nafion® for direct methanol fuel cell applications?

► Development of PVA based membrane for DMFC application. ► Alternate membranes in the near future. ► Examined the data of PVA membranes in the past one decade for DMFC application. ► Commercial feasibility being examined. ► Prescribed appropriate directions for the development of PVA based membranes.