Organic and inorganic surface passivations of TiO2 nanotube arrays for dye-sensitized photoelectrodes

► TiO2 nanotube arrays as photoelectrode in DSCs. ► Organic passivation layer for TiO2 nanotube arrays. ► Inorganic passivation layer for TiO2 nanotube arrays. ► Power conversion efficiency is improved by passivation layer.