X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of transition metal ions attached to the surface of rod-shape anatase TiO2 nanocrystals

X-ray photoelectron spectra were obtained for a series of M-TiO2 samples in which transition metal (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) ions are directly attached to the surface of anatase TiO2 nanocrystals.62