1,4-Diketo-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles (DPPs) based insoluble polymer films with lactam hydrogens as renewable fluoride anion chemosensor

Preparation, characterization, and application of DPP-based insoluble polymer film with lactam hydrogens through thermal annealing its solution-processed precursor polymer film for fluoride anion sensors; the fluoride anion detection limitation as low as 10−8 M.189