Exploration of photonic crystal circulator based on gyromagnetic properties and scaling of ferrite materials

Three port optical circulators are designed predicated on two dimensional triangular lattice photonic crystals and examined with different size of regular (circular) and irregular (triangular) ferrite posts, through the structure optimization and exploration of defect mode coupling. Ferrite, a special type of highly permeable and low-loss magnetic material, which is anisotropic when biased by a much larger static magnetic field is modeled and the gyromagnetic property of the same is investigated. According to theoretical analysis, the optimized geometry structure can make the non-reciprocal transmission of electromagnetic waves accompanying a high caliber isolation and low insertion loss with the avail of ferrite post inserted at the center of the joint. In order to minimize the reflections in the isolated port at the nominal frequencies, the scaling of ferrite post is implemented by defining S parameter. The structural optimization and the calculation of tensor elements of the anisotropic medium is executed by the finite element method. Moreover, the further study shows the importance of scaling the magneto-photonic material and the way it affects the transmission and isolation of the structured contrivance. Numerical simulations are performed to manifest the attainability and the characteristics of the designed circulators. Finally the triangular ferrite post with the scale of 0.518 makes the non-reciprocal transmission of electromagnetic waves with the minimum insertion loss at the normalized frequency range of 191.6 GHz which benefits from a broad operational bandwidth. This optimized device can realize the operations of splitting, routing and isolation and have good technological compatibility for chip level integration into Photonic Integrated Circuits.