Large self-biased effect and dual-peak magnetoelectric effect in different three-phase magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composites

We investigate magnetoelectric (ME) effects in various three-phase laminate composites of FeCuNbSiB/Terfenol-D/PZT(FeMP), FeCuNbSiB/iron-nickel-based ferromagnetic alloy with constant elasticity/PZT(FeFP) and FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT(FeNiP). Under the low frequency and resonant frequency condition, various composites exhibit hysteretic ME responses as a function of applied bias field. Both self-biased effect characterized by non-zero ME effect at zero bias and dual-peak ME effect are observed. Especially, self-biased ME properties are remarkably enhanced at resonance. The zero-biased ME coefficient for FeNiP with a high quality factor of 551.79 reaches 10.12 V/Oe (126.625 V/(cm Oe)), which is 4.34 times and 19.84 times larger than those of FeFP (2.33 V/Oe) and FeMP (0.51 V/Oe) composites, respectively. These results provide the possibility of implementing self-biased ME effect in high-sensitivity magnetic-sensing devices.