Proposal of a gas sensor with high sensitivity, birefringence and nonlinearity for air pollution monitoring

• An elliptical-cored HPCF structure is used here to investigate guiding properties.
• This research has gained maximum sensitivity and confinement loss at a satisfactory level.
• FEM with perfectly matched layer circular boundary has been applied to discover sensitivity and confinement loss.
• Higher birefringence is also gained for proposed structure.
• Moreover, nonlinear coefficient, effective area, splice loss, V parameters and beat length are examined.

Flammable or poisonous gasses in the air are capable of destroying a geographical area of causing a fire, fulmination, and venomous exposure. This paper presents a micro-cored photonic crystal fiber based gas sensor for detecting colorless or toxic gasses and monitoring air pollution by measuring gas condensate components in production facilities. The numerical investigation of the proposed PCF takes place using the finite element method (FEM). The geometrical parameters of proposed PCF are varied to optimize and observe the dependence of guiding properties on them. According to simulated results, the high relative sensitivity of 53.07% is obtained at 1.33 μm wavelength for optimum parameters. In addition, high birefringence of the order 6.9 × 10− 3; lower confinement loss of 3.21 × 10− 6 dB/m is also gained at the same wavelength. Moreover, nonlinear coefficient, effective area, splice loss, V parameters and beat length are reported briefly.